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Remembrance of key dates in China since the founding of the Party…
Remembering the main dates in China since the founding of the Communist Party in 1921:
– Secret Foundation –
On July 23, 1921, ten years after the establishment of the Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was born underground. Among the thirteen founding fathers: Mao Tse-tung.
In 1924, the CCP merged with the Nationalist Party, the Kuomintang (KMT), the main Chinese political party.
– Long walk –
In 1927, Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek broke the alliance.
Driven out of the big cities, the communists were chased to their rural bases in the south.
In 1934, 100,000 communist militants began a “Long March,” a grueling journey across China.
A year later, led by Mao, only 10,000 of them reached Yan’an (in the north), where the Communist General Headquarters was entrenched.
The Sino-Japanese conflict
In 1937, Japan entered the war against China. PKK and KMT unite against the enemy.
Japan defeated in 1945, civil war resumed almost immediately. Mao emerged victorious in the spring of 1949.
The rise of Communist China
On October 1, 1949, Mao proclaimed the People’s Republic of China.
Nationalists flee to the island of Taiwan where Chiang Kai-shek forms a government in Taipei.
Sometimes violent political campaigns follow each other.
In 1956-1957, during the Hundred Flowers, intellectuals were invited to express themselves and criticize the KPK. Then half a million of them will be sent to camps.
The Great Leap and its Devastation
In 1958, Mao launched the “Great Leap Forward,” a forced-march industrialization policy.
Combined with land collectivization, it plunged the country into famine, causing 30 to 70 million deaths, according to various studies published abroad.
In 1959, Chinese troops suppressed an uprising in Tibet, whose spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, went into exile in India.
China got nuclear weapons in 1964.
“Cultural Revolution”
In 1966, Mao, challenged after the disaster of the Great Leap Forward, sparked a “Cultural Revolution” by calling on the young Red Guards to denounce the “bourgeois elements” that had infiltrated the Party. Years of horror followed for millions of Chinese.
In 1969, he called in the army to restore order in a country in the grip of a virtual civil war.
In 1971, Beijing took China’s seat at the United Nations, previously held by Taipei, and became one of the five permanent members of the Security Council.
– Mort de Mao –
Mao died on September 9, 1976. His widow Jiang Qing and three of his “radical” associates were arrested and tried for their responsibility during the “Cultural Revolution”.
Deng Xiaoping came to power in 1978. His policy of economic reform and opening led to unprecedented development.
The Tiananmen Massacre
On the night of June 3-4, 1989, the military opened fire on students during peaceful pro-democracy demonstrations in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. The crackdown left hundreds or even more than a thousand dead, according to various estimates.
Economic boom
On July 1, 1997, the United Kingdom returned Hong Kong to China with the promise that this commercial and financial center would be able to maintain a high degree of autonomy for 50 years.
In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). Nine years later, it becomes the second largest economy in the world.
– Xi in power –
In 2012, Xi Jinping assumed leadership of the CCP. He launched a campaign against corruption, attacked dissidents and crushed any hope of political reform.
In 2018, he won the abolition of the limit of two presidential terms. On October 23, 2022, he received a third coronation as head of the PCC, securing him a 3rd term as Chinese president.
Repression of the Uighurs
According to estimates cited in 2018 by a group of UN experts, China would hold up to one million Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities in re-education camps in Xinjiang (in the northwest).
Beijing claims to fight terrorism and ensure the development of this province.
In late August 2022, a UN report mentions “possible crimes against humanity”.
Covid appears in Wuhan
In late 2019, a new coronavirus, “Covid-19,” emerged in the city of Wuhan (center) before spreading across the planet.
To curb the epidemic, China is applying severe restrictions.
Taking Hong Kong
In 2020, a year after massive pro-democracy protests, China imposes a draconian national security law on Hong Kong.
In May 2022, Beijing elects John Lee, who oversaw the coup, to govern the city.
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