Manipur, a northeastern Indian state, is once again in the grip of ethno-sectarian strife. The past two weeks have claimed 20 lives, adding to the grim toll of over 250 deaths since May 2023. This ongoing conflict has forced more than 60,000 people from their homes.
The violence stems from a complex interplay of historical grievances and modern pressures. At its core lies a clash between the Hindu Meitei community and the Christian Kuki-Zo tribes. Both groups fear marginalization and loss of identity in the changing landscape of Manipur.
The Meitei, who form the majority in the central valley of Manipur, face restrictions on land ownership. They cannot buy property in the hills, which make up 90% of the state’s area. This prompts their demand for Scheduled Tribe status, a move that would give them access to reserved jobs and education quotas.
On the other hand, the Kuki-Zo tribes see this request as a threat to their interests. They fear losing their special protection and being outnumbered by the Meitei. Some Kuki-Zo also refuse to be labeled as “illegal immigrants” by some Meitei voices.
Recent events have reignited tensions. The discovery of six bodies, believed to be victims of Meitei’s kidnapping, sparked outrage. In retaliation, protesters burned houses and churches. The brutal killing of a Kukian woman further escalated the situation.
The government’s response to the crisis has faced widespread criticism. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is under pressure to visit Manipur. His Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) governs the state in coalition with regional parties.
Religious tensions flare: Churches and houses burned in Manipur
The conflict has taken on religious overtones, where places of worship have become targets. This adds another layer to an already volatile situation. The violence has effectively divided communities, deepening mistrust and resentment.
As Manipur is on the brink, the need for dialogue becomes more urgent. The wounds of history are deep, but they must be addressed for peace to take root. The future of the state hangs in the balance, awaiting a path that respects the rights and aspirations of all communities.
Modi’s Impact and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism
The latest surge in violence erupted in Jiribam, near the Assam border. A series of revenge killings began with the murder of a young Kukian woman found in a river. Tensions escalated after a Christian teacher was killed and burned in an attack by Meiteis.
This led to a deadly confrontation between armed Kukis and security forces, resulting in the death of 10 Kukis. The situation worsened when six Meites, including three children, were found dead on 16 November. In response, mobs burned Kuki houses and churches in Jiribam.
Authorities have imposed curfews, suspended internet access and closed schools. A senior leader of the Meitei Church in Imphal expressed the prevailing fear and insecurity among the people. The treatment of the deceased has become another point of conflict.
Critics have targeted Prime Minister Modi for his absence from the region throughout the crisis. A senior journalist in Imphal noted the lack of effective efforts to restore law and order. A church leader expressed frustration over the broken peace and worsening economic situation due to the curfew.
